Eucommia ulmoides ulmoides Eucommia is a traditional Chinese medicine

Eucommia ulmoides
ulmoides Eucommia is a traditional Chinese medicine which is used to bark for medicinal purposes. Although most of the evidence is preliminary, it has anti-inflammatory properties may increase under the signs of steroid.
ulmoides Eucommia is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been recommended to improve the vitality and longevity. It is a set of flavonoids (which is very common in the plant world) and peel and irioid ordered both compounds (both of which are not unique to this plant, but tend to be less common).

There is a lot of evidence in the humans on this word at this time except for a study looking at lowering blood pressure, but at present the evidence from animal and propose mechanisms that can have ulmoides Eucommia role in the prevention of osteoporosis, which induces fat loss, and reduce the pressure Blood and triglycerides are high. According to at least one study that the plant could signal more than the steroid without a strong nature agonist (applies to both androgen and estrogen), but this can apply to caprylic acid in general (later indicate that coconut oil is the best in this paper, because it It provides more caprylic acid).

It is unclear exactly how this has been confirmed vegetable fats or molecules that mediate this effect burns, but at the moment is the involvement of PPAR sharp dose of the supplement to increase heat production system in mice. Fat Loss (or more acurately, and the fight against obesity) the effects of the plant in animal models is very strong between dietary supplements.

This plant has potential as a dietary supplement, and unlike many other plants, active in relatively low oral doses of 3000 mg or less (plant dry weight).



What You Should Know
Also known as

Du Chong, percha, gum trees, Tochu


Not to be confused with

Winged Euonymus or a walking stick Jack (such as voice)
Taking (the recommended dose, active and quantities, and other details)
There is enough evidence to suggest the optimal dose, but a limited human evidence and evidence in animals indicate that a daily dose of about 3 grams of leaf extract effective in lowering blood pressure and fat mass. It may be wise to use this in three daily doses of 1 gram, as the human study used single doses three times a day.
More commonly known as rubber-percha tree or bark or traditional Chinese medicine known as Du Chong, ulmoides Eucommia (Eucommiaceae of the family) is a medicinal plant, which has been used both leaves and bark effects of acceleration relieve back pain, to increase endurance and recover from fatigue , and make the bones and muscles stronger [1] At the same time enhance the longevity and fertility. [2] When used in medicine, Kampo, it goes by the name Tochu [3] and the leaves are used in some cases to make Tochu tea.

This plant also has some use as a tree that can produce rubber [4] Because l polyisoprene transit can produce compounds, [5] [6] that has a tree is also common "rubber tree bark name.

It is recommended ulmoides Eucommia to support the vitality and strength of medicinal plants, and it also has commercial benefits such as a tree can be used for the manufacture of rubber

1.2. Installation

It was found on the bark (extract ethanol unless otherwise noted) to the following:

Geniposidic acid (0.925% bark) and her geniposide aglycone (0.488%) and genipin (0.214%) [7]
Vehicles cross-polyisoprene, and is primarily used in the rubber industry [6]
Husks (+) - pinoresinol-4,4'- SD-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (pinoresinol diglucoside [8]), (+) - pinoresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1 → 6) - β-D-glucopyranoside, (+) - medioresinol-4,4'- SD-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, (+) - syringaresinol-4,4'- SD-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (-) -olivil-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, (-) - olivil glucopyranoside-4-O-β-D-, and (+) - pinoresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside [9] was quantified pinoresinol- SD-β-D-glucopyranoside (0.991%) [7] - diglycoside all syringaresinol (0.214%) and (+)
Licoagroside F (28.78 +/- 0.81μg / g) [10]
Flavonoids baicalein (0.28 +/- 0.010μg / g), wogonin (0.20 +/- 0.0027μg / g), and oroxylin A (0.09 +/- 0.0040μg / g) [10]
Caprylic acid (androgen refers to participate in [1] also found in coconut oil)
triterpenoids of the [1]
Chlorogenic acid (0.302%) [7]
While the Eucommia ulmoides leaves the following:

Glycosides irioid Geniposidic acid (10.1-17.4mg / g), [11] [12] aucubin (6.5-19.7mg / g; geniposidic acid without carboxylic acid group), [12] [13] and asperuloside (13.7 -27.8 mg / g ) [14] [15]
Quercetin (0.27-0.62mg / g) as isoquercetin, and routine (7.6-14.3mg / g), and 3-O-sambubioside [11] [12], as well as 3-O- alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl- (1 -> 2 ) -beta-D-glucopyranoside [16]
Kaempferol and astragalin (kaempferol 3-O- beta-D-glucopyranoside) [16]
Licoagroside F 8.97 +/- 0.41μg / g [10]
Baicalein (0.23 +/- 0.002μg / g), wogonin (0.19 +/- 0.0030μg / g), and Oroxylin A (0.04 +/- 0.0004μg / g) [10]
Peel Syringaresinol SD-O-GLC (+/- 275.53 0.99μg / g) and pinoresinol SD-O-GLC (384.15 +/- 19.67μg / g) [10]
Chlorogenic acid (26.3-46.9mg / g) [11] [12] [17]
Alwerleik acid and caffeic [11]


The bark, leaves tend to peel all glycosides irioid active ingredients, which probably what put this plant from others be. Other phenolic compounds in plants is too general for most of the plants and not in concrete amounts in this factory
Water extract of the leaves is a powerful antioxidant with relatively IC50 of 18.9 +/- 0.2μg / ml in the examination of DPPH (although weaker than the reference drug vitamin C in 5.9 +/- 0.1 ug / ml vitamin E in 9.7 +/- 0.2μg / ml) [11] It seems that the only biologically active, acid geniposidic, important to have anti-oxidant properties [11] and the total content of flavonoids are 9.5-21.3mg / g leaves. [12]

There polysaccharide content of this plant (leaves or bark unspecified) until about 23.6 24.1% of the total [18] and the content of glycosides irioid seems to be less in the factory when compared directly Centila Plantain (a psyllium-related) station. [19] while glycosides were found irioid also in the seeds usually do not use [20] these parts plant dietary supplements or functional foods.



2. Pharmacy

2.1. Serum and distribution

Was detected glucoside geniposide Irioid and aglycone (genipin) in plasma and organs (kidneys) after oral ingestion of the cortex [7] and aucubina to 50 mg / kg of oral intake (mice) as the peak isolated was observed in the blood in 1.08hy Cmax TMAX of 4016 +/- 2394ng / ml and a relatively long half-life of 7.38 +/- 2.9 hours. [21]

Lignan (+) - It has been observed pinoresinol- SD-β-D-glucopyranoside to be absorbed in mice with +/- 1.56 TMAX 0.87 an hour and a half life of 3.66 hours be detected in /-8.09ng/mL 18.57+ Cmax of oral intake of 10 mg / kg. [22]

It seems that both glycosides irioid husks have the ability to absorption, although the pharmaceutical data is somewhat limited, because it is not sure of the active ingredient (s) is / are

2.2. Metabolism

Each of glycosides irioid of genipin (geniposide acid geniposidic) can be analyzed in a genipin free in intestinal bacteria. [23]


2.3. Mechanisms

Lignan and Eucommia ulmoides phosphodiestease may be (PDE) inhibitor properties with IC50 values ​​between 63.5-123.8μM and two (out of seven test) peel the presence of IC50 greater than 200μM. [9] that noted above related to PDE enzymes camp [24], but a comprehensive assessment of the sub-groups of the enzyme PDE is inhibited not been selective from the husks so far.

You can prevent the enzyme PDE, but due to the lack of research in the selectivity and moderate power (combined with unknown amounts of lignans in the plant) is not sure of the relevance of this information is almost
Asperuloside found biologically active to prevent PI3K with IC50 of 2 microns, being less powerful than uttronin A (1.1μM) and hypericin (180 Nm) [25] while being more effective than emodin (3.3μM) and quercetin. [26]

Can inhibit PI3K


3. Neuroscience

3.1. Mechanisms

Ulmoides Eucommia seems bark extract derived that its inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in vitro properties (IC50 of 172μg / ml) [27] and is able to exercise the effects of nerves against the protein beta-amyloid (according to the evaluation of the formation of memory and the normalization of increase acetylcholine) [27] and hydrogen peroxide with 5- 20μg / ml to prevent 30-70% of cellular toxicity, with 2.5μg / ml show some effectiveness in reducing oxidative stress biomarkers. [2] in isolation, and the protective effects of both acid and chlorogenic acid demonstration geniposidic. [28]

(Cognitive weakness pay Alzheimer-like) in rats receiving intracerebral injection of beta-amyloid protein, 5-20mg / kg bark extract stem pointed out that the scope of the greatest intake (10-20 mg / kg) protected memory impairment. [27]

It seems to have a neuroprotective properties, which at least once confirmed occur in vivo model in a dose by mouth are very reasonable


4. Cardiovascular Health

4.1. blood pressure

Mechanical, ulmoides Eucommia seems to possess the ability to prevent beta according to the evaluation of an article from the decomposition of fat with isoproterenol. [29]

Eucommia ulmoides bark vasodilation can also cause a concentration-dependent manner in a way that is completely dependent on nitric oxide [30] [31] It is believed to be related to potassium channel. [31]

It can have the ability to prevent the beta (which is believed to be related husks) and can be vasorelaxant
Eucommia ulmoides seems to have an antihypertensive effects of pressure because of its effects on the activation of the parasympathetic [32] the nervous system and can operate in a dose-dependent manner in mice high blood pressure spontaneously. [33] in the Super fructose mice develop insulin resistance and high blood pressure 0.500 to 1000 mg / kg of Eucommia ulmoides can reduce blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner, but can not completely normalize. [34] [35] [36]

Prehypertensives in humans, while ulmoides Eucommia supplements 500MG (8%) pinoresinol daily for eight weeks caused a marginal cuts only in blood pressure, which faded with the passage of time to a higher dose (1000 mg three times a day) to have two weeks led to a reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 7.5 / 3.9mmHg. [29]

Eucommia ulmoides seems antihypertensive reliable in mice, it has been shown daily dose of 3 grams of the leaves once at least to be effective in humans


5. interactions glucose metabolism

5.1. Mechanisms

ulmoides Eucommia eat per day to 90 days in mice shown to reduce the expression of GLUT4 in mice given a high-fat diet, however, and increased expression in the mice on the normal (not conducive to obesity), diet and increased expression in skeletal muscle. [15]

GLUT4 transport shows modified and reliable way

5.2. Insulin sensitivity

In mice drinking fructose (Model Search fatty liver) due 500-1000mg / kg Eucommia ulmoides extract paper for four weeks, and the supplements capable of full changes in insulin normalization and insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR was not affected) without sugar affects the blood by treatment fructose in the beginning. [34]

In mice with diabetes Eucommia ulmoides induced streptozotocin given orally for four weeks (1,400mg / kg) was able to reduce oxidation and the normalization of blood glucose parameters such as SOD and MDA. [37