Pedalium Murex Pedalium Murex is a traditional herb used

Pedalium Murex
Pedalium Murex is a traditional herb used in conjunction terrestris to enhance the health and male urinary / reproductive. It has a minimum of evidence but appears to be similar to Tribulus bioactivities (Although one study suggests Pedalium increases testosterone).
Pedalium Murex grass is the fruit that have a history intertwined with terrestris, due to the visual similarity of the two traditional fruit and reciprocity in formulas Goshukra. Pedalium fruits are much less studied the fruit of Tribulus today.

Preliminary evidence suggests that Pedalium and increase testosterone and work as an aphrodisiac, although there are no studies in humans today. Biologically active minutes in Pedalium unknown on an equal footing, and all I can say is that many of the bioactivities Pedalium-like Tribulus.

At present, there is sufficient information on the toxicity Pedalium Murex, despite the fact that three studies on rats suggest that there is no minimum LD50 for concern with (in terms of overt toxicity, however, there have been deep in the histologies device or blood plates).



What You Should Know
Also known as

Dakhani Gokhru, Bada Gokhru, big thorns, Yenugu palleru
Taking (the recommended dose, active and quantities, and other details)
There are enough human evidence that the appropriate dose is recommended, but the 200 mg / kg of fruit extract in ethanol and seems to be effective in mice. This is estimated at 32 mg / kg dose of human, and therefore:

2,200mg someone £ 150
2,900mg someone £ 200
3,600mg someone £ 250
It is not known whether this is the optimal dose for humans for lack of evidence.
Pedalium Murex (family Pedaliaceae) sometimes also known as Dakhani Gokhru usually used reproductive health in Ayurveda, where 250 grams of berries (fresh weight) and mixed with 100 grams of a mixture of leaves (petals, Punarnava and Saunf; Rosa qallica, Boerhaavia widespread and Foeniculam vulgare, respectively) and consuming. [1] it has also been used as an aphrodisiac (and as such has set Vajikaran Rasayana [2]), and antipyretic and anti-ulcer effects, [3] and used for the purposes of intestinal health in veterinary medicine. [4]

Terrestris fruits and Pedalium all Murex referred to Gokhru (or alternatively Gokshura), with the presence of the first prefix and Shota Dakhani second [1] or Bada. [5] The fruits are similar visually and interchangeably used in traditional medicine. [5]


1.2. Installation

Pedalin and Pedalitin [6]
Diosgenin (19.86% extraction of ethanol, [2] Although probably by 0.06% by weight of fruit [3])
Glycosides Dinatoin [6]
Heptatriacontan-4- one [6]
Tetratriacontanyl Octacosanoate and Triacotanyl Dotriacontanoate [6]
2 ', 4', 5'-trihydroxy flavone-5,7- dimethoxy [6]
Quercetin (flower) [6]
You have to show the fruits of alkaloid content from 3.5 to 5% (dry weight), [6] Most of the antioxidant ingredients are concentrated in any fractures ethyl acetate or ethanol. [7]



2. nerves

2.1. Bah

Study in male rats given 50-150 mg / kg of grain ethanol extracts of 28 days referred to dose and time dependent increases Mount frequency (an increase of 125% with 150 mg / kg in 28 days), and a decrease in latency installation (maximum 40 % reduction in the peak), with similar trends in infiltration aphrodisiac frequency / latency and defamation / Last latency period ejaculatory [2] compared to the active control of Viagra to 5 mg / kg, showing the highest dose have similar effects; the effects of Murex Pedalium seemed a grim but still beyond the control of 15 days after stopping the supplement. [2]

The other study, which uses light oil extracted in sterile mice by exposure to alcohol (which is thought to be secondary to the damage testis) noticed improved behavior escalated 1-3 hours after ingestion of either 200 or 400 mg / kg (to show the dependency dose) fertility and improve. [8]



3. interactions with glucose metabolism

3.1. Mechanisms

Ethanol extract of the fruit's shows (non-competitive) inhibitor likely to aldose reductase enzyme with IC50 value of 57.20 +/- 3.68μg / ml. [9]



4. interact with hormones

4.1. Testosterone

50-150 mg / kg has been observed extracting ethanol from fruit in mice for 28 days to increase testosterone in a dose and time-dependent manner (the highest dose of testosterone serum duplication); remained increase testosterone serum statistically significant 15 days after stopping the supplement. [2]

Study in mice induced infertility Note alcohol 200-400mg / kg of fruit extract normalization of infertility decreased production of testosterone, but the highest dose of 400 mg / kg for 60 days failed to increase testosterone levels higher than the control. [8]



5. interact with the body's organs

5.1. Rod

50-150 mg / kg of ethanol extracted from the berries have noticed Pedalium Murex improvements that depend more than 28 days of supplementation (almost double to improvements in terms of control at the highest dose) dose and time, any dose above the active control of Sildenafil citrate 5 mg / kg. (Viagra, four times compared to the control) [2]


5.2. Testicles

A study conducted on mice additional infertility Pedalium Murex sperm seems to normalize abnormalities seen with ethanol-induced infertility with movement abnormalities (model), and safety, and have yet to be standardized to 400 mg / kg of petroleum ether extract. [8] Note that this study also germ cells and sperm recovery luminal under histological examination, and improved fertility pregnancies scheduled male rats. [8]


5.3. Stomach

50-200mg / kg of extract water from the leaves taken Pedalium Murex either acute or 100 mg / kg for up to 30 days after the alcohol-induced ulceration test upset in mice were observed protective effects are dose dependent, with a sharp dose of 200 mg / kg tendency to overcome the active control of famotidine in 3 mg / kg (although the difference was not statistically significant) and 15 days of treatment for rehabilitation will be more active control. 30 days of treatment at 100 mg / kg cancel all signs of stomach ulcer, according to assess the ulcer index (UI). [10]


5.4. Urinary Tract

Ethylene glycol urolithiasis induced (kidney stones) because of 250mg / kg of ethanol extracted from the fruit a day, and the normalization of enzyme levels of biomarkers (ACP, ALT, AST, ALP and LDH) in the blood and urine serum, and kidney and liver relative to the control; it was 150 micrograms / kg of drugs thiazide signal power on an equal footing. [11] Although the formation of calculus in itself was not measured, it is believed that this shows the activity of the anti urolithiatic. [11]



6. Safety and Toxicity

6.1. Public

Oral doses up to 2000 mg / kg ethanol extract has shown any signs of acute toxicity in mice (control clinical signs) for a maximum of 14 days of observation. [2] It has been noted the lack of toxicity with the same dose of the extract of petroleum ether [8] and 3000 mg / kg of water extract of the leaves may also failed to produce overt signs of toxic. [10]