Grains of paradise
Grains of paradise (grains of paradise) is similar to ginger spice to belong to the same family formation Zingiberaceae. It is some hope in controlling the dose of the overall fat consumption shows perhaps through food products.
Grains of paradise (alligator pepper and grains of paradise) is a plant whose seeds are traditionally used mainly as a spice for food hot season. This herb is botanically in the same family as ginger and shares many of the biologically active, and it was (medically speaking) traditionally used mainly for digestive and intestinal health with some other sometimes uses unrelated to food.
Reviewing the evidence, and the majority preliminary and full analysis of the composition does not seem to exist at this point in time. It seems closely related to ginger, and have many of the same bioactive.
Grains of paradise seems to be some mechanisms to combat diabetes and anti-obesity, although not significant (confirmed human study conducted in humans increase in metabolic rate, but requires all of exposure to cold, and brown fat person concerned as preconditions). Aphrodisiac properties and testosterone increase as far as both the primary (first does not seem very strong, in connection with other herbs) and anti-estrogenic mechanisms are still unknown very preliminary and practical importance.
Grains of paradise may be promising to spice added to the diet in the hope of re-body and especially for the men building, but not in a general lack of evidence to support its use as a supplement, and may be oral doses higher than that some of the associated toxicity (that need to be further investigated )
What You Should Know
Also known as
Grains of paradise, pepper and pepper melegueta Guinea alligator pepper, Guinea grains
Grains of paradise (of Zingiberaceae family) are the spice in the ginger family with a common "grains of paradise" or "alligator pepper name. Is used spices in West Africa for the purpose of alleviating the pain in the stomach and diarrhea [1] and high blood pressure [2] with some Limited reports used for tuberculosis [3] and the treatment of snakebites and scorpion bites. [4] These seeds are also used for culinary reasons (because of the bitterness of the seeds, it is common to use spices in food products [1] [5]).
Seeds also tend to have anti-microbial properties of the public like many of the spices, [5] [6] and some molluscicidal [7] and repellent [8] [9] properties. It is one of many herbs spice said to help sexual Bah [10] (although the category of "hot herb" seems to be mentioned in this particular seeds).
Grains of paradise are botanically related spices ginger, being used for the health of the digestive tract / digestive system, in addition to being used to flavor foods
1.2. Installation
Grains of paradise tends to contain:
6-ginger (19.5% extraction of ethanol [1]) 0.8-ginger, [11] and methyl-6-ginger [11]
6-shogaol (12.5% extraction of ethanol [1])
6-Paradol (30.5% from the extraction of ethanol [1]) and RAC-6-Dihydroparadol [11]
6-Gingeredione [12]
{2- (5-butylfuran-2- Yale) ethyl} -2-methoxyphenol (structurally related to the above) [11]
Grains of paradise seems to have a polyphenol content of 2.28 +/- 0.02 mg / g (0.2% of dry weight) with flavonoids 0.55mg / g (0.06%). Which is relatively high to last tested in spite of low relative to other African herbs and spices. Also specify [13] This study saponin content and grain flavonoids Paradise and to disclose any alkaloids, tannins, Phlobatanins or anthraquinone (qualitative analysis, not quantitiative). [13]
2. Pharmacy
2.1. Enzyme reactions
Grain has been observed from Paradise (Aframomum and cuspidatum and Harrisonia abyssinica) that in vitro, inhibit enzymes CYP3A with grains of paradise to 10 mg / ml concentration inhibition of CYP3A4 (inhibition complete with extraction of ethanol, 98.85 +/- 0 1% with tea), CYP3A5 ( 99.87 +/- 0.3%) and CYP3A7 (97.24 +/- 0.2%). [14]
It appears to inhibit enzymes CYP3A, and very strong in doing so. Although preliminary, and there is a high possibility of drug interactions and grains of paradise
6-shogaol and 6 paradol, two components of Aframomum melegueta well as ginger, TRPA1 and TRPV1 receptors active with EC50 values of all 6 shogaol show (0.2μM and 11.2 μM) and 6 paradol (71μM and 0.7 μM) [15] which shows that they are weaker of Evodiamine Evodia rutaecarpa (856nM) and headlamp (45 nm). [16]
Recpetors seems to activate TRPV1, with less energy for other cues TRPV1; it seems to activate TRPA1 receptors
3. Neuroscience
3.1. Mechanisms
Grain has been shown to inhibit the extraction Paradise acetylcholine activity moderately with IC50 of 373.33μg / ml. [17]
3.2. Bah
Per day for 8 days notice 115 mg / kg of grains of paradise increase in penile erection index (PEI), and frequency of inhalation of genital grooming and genitals and an increase in the pace of assembly by 54%. [10] sneak latency by 32% while cumin tossing rose is reduced (delayed) by 60% (ie a significant impact on the period after ejaculation), and while it was higher than the control these effects were smaller at a time of herb another test, Piper guineense (but not statistically greater). [10]
4. interact with the glucose metabolism
4.1. Absorption
Grain has been observed from heaven to prevent the enzyme α Amylase with IC50 of 4.83 +/- 0.56mg / ml, [13], and that may be a common link with ginger biologically active because this has been observed in a similar degree with red and white ginger plants. [18] grains of paradise was also noted that inhibit α-glucosidase with IC50 of 2.14 +/- 1.08mg / ml. [13]
4.2. Mechanisms
Grains of paradise able to ease out of the neighborhood Glkoishn rate by 73.4% to 0.25 mg / ml with IC50 of 0.125 mg / ml. Although the antioxidant effect can contribute (DPPH trial observed IC50 value of 0.11mg / ml) of this study indicated that ginger was less antioxidant protection against Glkoishn (proposal and other mechanisms). [19]
In the pancreas are treated with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) mice ex vivo, has been observed grain of paradise that is believed to be the focus of the pancreatic β-cell protection that through antioxidant properties. [13]
4.3. Speeches
A study toxicology in mice fed grains of paradise for 28 days dailt it is only in male rats, it was observed low a dose-dependent in the blood sugar level of 450 mg / kg (7.3%) and 1500 mg / kg (20%) of the ethanol extract . [1]
5. fat mass and obesity
5.1. Mechanisms
5.2. Speeches
Intervention in 19 healthy men in mind that people who have a response to exposure treatment to cold (19 degrees Celsius with light clothes) that the management of extracting ethanol from grains of paradise (10 mg 15.2% 6. Ginger, 12.5% 6 paradol, 1.7% and was 6 -shogaol and 4.0% 6-gingeredione) able to increase metabolic rate after 4 weeks of supplementation with 2 hours of treatment exposure to cold. [12] people with no response to exposure to cold (without a big fat brown adipose tissue) did not appear in response to the pill supplements of paradise. [12]
You can increase the metabolic rate and an increase in the response to treatment of exposure to the cold in and of itself without affecting the metabolic rate
6. interact with hormones
6.1. Testosterone
It was observed that the cholesterol level to increase in the testes of mice treated with grains of paradise (151.48% and 165.75% after 8 days of 115 mg / kg and 230 mg / kg, respectively, 93.34% in 55 days with 115 mg / kg) that are related to an increase of 278-316% of testosterone after 8 days in serum (without relying dose) without actions taken after 55 days. [20]
One study was supported by at least increase testosterone in rats receiving grain 115-230mg / kg of Paradise daily for 8 days
6.2. Estrogen
Aframomum meleguita has been observed with methanol to prevent the extraction of 56.7 +/- 3.4% of estrogenic activity in yeast assay at a concentration of 100ug / ml. This is decreased with treatment naringinase. [21] Although Aframomum meleguita surpassing all other herbs in this study without the relative level of active control element of tamoxifen (78% inhibition at 10 microns). [21]
You can have anti-estrogen
7. interaction with bodies
7.1. Liver
In mice received a large amount of alcohol (4.8 g / kg) for 15 days, notice coingestion grain of paradise (100-200mg / kg aqueous extracts) that the highest dose was able to avoid the increase in liver weight and completely uninstall lipid peroxidation and assessed by the Ministry of Agricultural Development, and the preservation of both GSH and GST. Liver dismutase (SOD) were not affected significantly the grain of paradise despite lower with ethanol. [22] increased serum AST and ALT was also full normalization. [22]
Extracting ethanol from grains of paradise in an oral dose of 450-1500mg / kg for 28 days in mice that causes a dose-dependent increases in liver weight with a slight increase in LDH (liver enzymes) were observed the presence of a large AST increases. There was no obvious toxicity as assessed by histological examination (no detectable necrosis, inflammation of the fatty liver or cirrhosis of the liver). [1]
7.2. The male sex organs
115 and 230 mg / kg of grains of paradise (dry weight) for 8 days or 115 mg / kg for 55 days and found that the relative weight of the epididymis, seminal vesicles and the prostate gland in the lower dose increased 10.81%, 6.40%, 30.49% (respectively ) after 7 days and the testes and seminal vesicle and it seems to grow more after 55 days (3.6% and 23.5%, respectively), although the growth of prostate diluted. [20] increase fertility can not be measured since both teams were controlling and melegueta Aframomum extremely fertile (and thus no significant difference). [20]
More than it has been observed in rats at least one study in the seminal vesicle and the size of the testis associated with oral ingestion of 115 mg / kg of grains of paradise (human dose of at least 18.4mg / kg)
8. interaction with cancer
8.1. Pancreas
One study reported that the methanol extracts, grains of paradise chloroform likely PANC-1 cytotoxic against tumor cells in vitro with IC50 values of the pancreas 13.8μg / ml and 47.8 μg / ml, respectively. [23]
9. safety and toxicity
9.1. Public
Artemia in cellular toxicity test, there is little or no toxic potential of the cells to 10 microns with the moderate (20%) and large in 100μM (50%) 1,000μM. The grains of paradise relatively more toxic than nutmeg, but less than ginger. [19]
28 days intake of 120mg / kg in mice seem free of side effects, to 450 mg / kg and 1500 mg / kg was associated with increased liver weight without obvious toxicity. [1] it was observed no significant changes in body weight, eat, blood cells or other changes (inorganic phosphorus whey protein, thrombin clotting time) were sporadic and not depend on the dose considered not clinically relevant. [1]
Study (you can find online, but here was martyred. [24] Igwe et al., 1999) found that 350 mg wholeseed cause grain of paradise diplopia and blurred vision in healthy men Ibo.
9.2. Carry
Study used mice 50 mg of grain of mixed food paradise for rats 20 grams (1% of the feed, and continued the meal four days and then were fed a normal meal) to Oohart mice, while the control group average litter size 7's, Group Experimental feeding the seeds of paradise failed to provide puppies, but no other side effects, it seems. [24] This dose equal to kg 286-345mg / in mice [24] and a lower dose (0.5-2mg injection) and since then did not adversely affect the volume of garbage. [25]
Wednesday, 12 August 2015
Tuesday, 11 August 2015
Pedalium Murex Pedalium Murex is a traditional herb used
Pedalium Murex
Pedalium Murex is a traditional herb used in conjunction terrestris to enhance the health and male urinary / reproductive. It has a minimum of evidence but appears to be similar to Tribulus bioactivities (Although one study suggests Pedalium increases testosterone).
Pedalium Murex grass is the fruit that have a history intertwined with terrestris, due to the visual similarity of the two traditional fruit and reciprocity in formulas Goshukra. Pedalium fruits are much less studied the fruit of Tribulus today.
Preliminary evidence suggests that Pedalium and increase testosterone and work as an aphrodisiac, although there are no studies in humans today. Biologically active minutes in Pedalium unknown on an equal footing, and all I can say is that many of the bioactivities Pedalium-like Tribulus.
At present, there is sufficient information on the toxicity Pedalium Murex, despite the fact that three studies on rats suggest that there is no minimum LD50 for concern with (in terms of overt toxicity, however, there have been deep in the histologies device or blood plates).
What You Should Know
Also known as
Dakhani Gokhru, Bada Gokhru, big thorns, Yenugu palleru
Taking (the recommended dose, active and quantities, and other details)
There are enough human evidence that the appropriate dose is recommended, but the 200 mg / kg of fruit extract in ethanol and seems to be effective in mice. This is estimated at 32 mg / kg dose of human, and therefore:
2,200mg someone £ 150
2,900mg someone £ 200
3,600mg someone £ 250
It is not known whether this is the optimal dose for humans for lack of evidence.
Pedalium Murex (family Pedaliaceae) sometimes also known as Dakhani Gokhru usually used reproductive health in Ayurveda, where 250 grams of berries (fresh weight) and mixed with 100 grams of a mixture of leaves (petals, Punarnava and Saunf; Rosa qallica, Boerhaavia widespread and Foeniculam vulgare, respectively) and consuming. [1] it has also been used as an aphrodisiac (and as such has set Vajikaran Rasayana [2]), and antipyretic and anti-ulcer effects, [3] and used for the purposes of intestinal health in veterinary medicine. [4]
Terrestris fruits and Pedalium all Murex referred to Gokhru (or alternatively Gokshura), with the presence of the first prefix and Shota Dakhani second [1] or Bada. [5] The fruits are similar visually and interchangeably used in traditional medicine. [5]
1.2. Installation
Pedalin and Pedalitin [6]
Diosgenin (19.86% extraction of ethanol, [2] Although probably by 0.06% by weight of fruit [3])
Glycosides Dinatoin [6]
Heptatriacontan-4- one [6]
Tetratriacontanyl Octacosanoate and Triacotanyl Dotriacontanoate [6]
2 ', 4', 5'-trihydroxy flavone-5,7- dimethoxy [6]
Quercetin (flower) [6]
You have to show the fruits of alkaloid content from 3.5 to 5% (dry weight), [6] Most of the antioxidant ingredients are concentrated in any fractures ethyl acetate or ethanol. [7]
2. nerves
2.1. Bah
Study in male rats given 50-150 mg / kg of grain ethanol extracts of 28 days referred to dose and time dependent increases Mount frequency (an increase of 125% with 150 mg / kg in 28 days), and a decrease in latency installation (maximum 40 % reduction in the peak), with similar trends in infiltration aphrodisiac frequency / latency and defamation / Last latency period ejaculatory [2] compared to the active control of Viagra to 5 mg / kg, showing the highest dose have similar effects; the effects of Murex Pedalium seemed a grim but still beyond the control of 15 days after stopping the supplement. [2]
The other study, which uses light oil extracted in sterile mice by exposure to alcohol (which is thought to be secondary to the damage testis) noticed improved behavior escalated 1-3 hours after ingestion of either 200 or 400 mg / kg (to show the dependency dose) fertility and improve. [8]
3. interactions with glucose metabolism
3.1. Mechanisms
Ethanol extract of the fruit's shows (non-competitive) inhibitor likely to aldose reductase enzyme with IC50 value of 57.20 +/- 3.68μg / ml. [9]
4. interact with hormones
4.1. Testosterone
50-150 mg / kg has been observed extracting ethanol from fruit in mice for 28 days to increase testosterone in a dose and time-dependent manner (the highest dose of testosterone serum duplication); remained increase testosterone serum statistically significant 15 days after stopping the supplement. [2]
Study in mice induced infertility Note alcohol 200-400mg / kg of fruit extract normalization of infertility decreased production of testosterone, but the highest dose of 400 mg / kg for 60 days failed to increase testosterone levels higher than the control. [8]
5. interact with the body's organs
5.1. Rod
50-150 mg / kg of ethanol extracted from the berries have noticed Pedalium Murex improvements that depend more than 28 days of supplementation (almost double to improvements in terms of control at the highest dose) dose and time, any dose above the active control of Sildenafil citrate 5 mg / kg. (Viagra, four times compared to the control) [2]
5.2. Testicles
A study conducted on mice additional infertility Pedalium Murex sperm seems to normalize abnormalities seen with ethanol-induced infertility with movement abnormalities (model), and safety, and have yet to be standardized to 400 mg / kg of petroleum ether extract. [8] Note that this study also germ cells and sperm recovery luminal under histological examination, and improved fertility pregnancies scheduled male rats. [8]
5.3. Stomach
50-200mg / kg of extract water from the leaves taken Pedalium Murex either acute or 100 mg / kg for up to 30 days after the alcohol-induced ulceration test upset in mice were observed protective effects are dose dependent, with a sharp dose of 200 mg / kg tendency to overcome the active control of famotidine in 3 mg / kg (although the difference was not statistically significant) and 15 days of treatment for rehabilitation will be more active control. 30 days of treatment at 100 mg / kg cancel all signs of stomach ulcer, according to assess the ulcer index (UI). [10]
5.4. Urinary Tract
Ethylene glycol urolithiasis induced (kidney stones) because of 250mg / kg of ethanol extracted from the fruit a day, and the normalization of enzyme levels of biomarkers (ACP, ALT, AST, ALP and LDH) in the blood and urine serum, and kidney and liver relative to the control; it was 150 micrograms / kg of drugs thiazide signal power on an equal footing. [11] Although the formation of calculus in itself was not measured, it is believed that this shows the activity of the anti urolithiatic. [11]
6. Safety and Toxicity
6.1. Public
Oral doses up to 2000 mg / kg ethanol extract has shown any signs of acute toxicity in mice (control clinical signs) for a maximum of 14 days of observation. [2] It has been noted the lack of toxicity with the same dose of the extract of petroleum ether [8] and 3000 mg / kg of water extract of the leaves may also failed to produce overt signs of toxic. [10]
Pedalium Murex is a traditional herb used in conjunction terrestris to enhance the health and male urinary / reproductive. It has a minimum of evidence but appears to be similar to Tribulus bioactivities (Although one study suggests Pedalium increases testosterone).
Pedalium Murex grass is the fruit that have a history intertwined with terrestris, due to the visual similarity of the two traditional fruit and reciprocity in formulas Goshukra. Pedalium fruits are much less studied the fruit of Tribulus today.
Preliminary evidence suggests that Pedalium and increase testosterone and work as an aphrodisiac, although there are no studies in humans today. Biologically active minutes in Pedalium unknown on an equal footing, and all I can say is that many of the bioactivities Pedalium-like Tribulus.
At present, there is sufficient information on the toxicity Pedalium Murex, despite the fact that three studies on rats suggest that there is no minimum LD50 for concern with (in terms of overt toxicity, however, there have been deep in the histologies device or blood plates).
What You Should Know
Also known as
Dakhani Gokhru, Bada Gokhru, big thorns, Yenugu palleru
Taking (the recommended dose, active and quantities, and other details)
There are enough human evidence that the appropriate dose is recommended, but the 200 mg / kg of fruit extract in ethanol and seems to be effective in mice. This is estimated at 32 mg / kg dose of human, and therefore:
2,200mg someone £ 150
2,900mg someone £ 200
3,600mg someone £ 250
It is not known whether this is the optimal dose for humans for lack of evidence.
Pedalium Murex (family Pedaliaceae) sometimes also known as Dakhani Gokhru usually used reproductive health in Ayurveda, where 250 grams of berries (fresh weight) and mixed with 100 grams of a mixture of leaves (petals, Punarnava and Saunf; Rosa qallica, Boerhaavia widespread and Foeniculam vulgare, respectively) and consuming. [1] it has also been used as an aphrodisiac (and as such has set Vajikaran Rasayana [2]), and antipyretic and anti-ulcer effects, [3] and used for the purposes of intestinal health in veterinary medicine. [4]
Terrestris fruits and Pedalium all Murex referred to Gokhru (or alternatively Gokshura), with the presence of the first prefix and Shota Dakhani second [1] or Bada. [5] The fruits are similar visually and interchangeably used in traditional medicine. [5]
1.2. Installation
Pedalin and Pedalitin [6]
Diosgenin (19.86% extraction of ethanol, [2] Although probably by 0.06% by weight of fruit [3])
Glycosides Dinatoin [6]
Heptatriacontan-4- one [6]
Tetratriacontanyl Octacosanoate and Triacotanyl Dotriacontanoate [6]
2 ', 4', 5'-trihydroxy flavone-5,7- dimethoxy [6]
Quercetin (flower) [6]
You have to show the fruits of alkaloid content from 3.5 to 5% (dry weight), [6] Most of the antioxidant ingredients are concentrated in any fractures ethyl acetate or ethanol. [7]
2. nerves
2.1. Bah
Study in male rats given 50-150 mg / kg of grain ethanol extracts of 28 days referred to dose and time dependent increases Mount frequency (an increase of 125% with 150 mg / kg in 28 days), and a decrease in latency installation (maximum 40 % reduction in the peak), with similar trends in infiltration aphrodisiac frequency / latency and defamation / Last latency period ejaculatory [2] compared to the active control of Viagra to 5 mg / kg, showing the highest dose have similar effects; the effects of Murex Pedalium seemed a grim but still beyond the control of 15 days after stopping the supplement. [2]
The other study, which uses light oil extracted in sterile mice by exposure to alcohol (which is thought to be secondary to the damage testis) noticed improved behavior escalated 1-3 hours after ingestion of either 200 or 400 mg / kg (to show the dependency dose) fertility and improve. [8]
3. interactions with glucose metabolism
3.1. Mechanisms
Ethanol extract of the fruit's shows (non-competitive) inhibitor likely to aldose reductase enzyme with IC50 value of 57.20 +/- 3.68μg / ml. [9]
4. interact with hormones
4.1. Testosterone
50-150 mg / kg has been observed extracting ethanol from fruit in mice for 28 days to increase testosterone in a dose and time-dependent manner (the highest dose of testosterone serum duplication); remained increase testosterone serum statistically significant 15 days after stopping the supplement. [2]
Study in mice induced infertility Note alcohol 200-400mg / kg of fruit extract normalization of infertility decreased production of testosterone, but the highest dose of 400 mg / kg for 60 days failed to increase testosterone levels higher than the control. [8]
5. interact with the body's organs
5.1. Rod
50-150 mg / kg of ethanol extracted from the berries have noticed Pedalium Murex improvements that depend more than 28 days of supplementation (almost double to improvements in terms of control at the highest dose) dose and time, any dose above the active control of Sildenafil citrate 5 mg / kg. (Viagra, four times compared to the control) [2]
5.2. Testicles
A study conducted on mice additional infertility Pedalium Murex sperm seems to normalize abnormalities seen with ethanol-induced infertility with movement abnormalities (model), and safety, and have yet to be standardized to 400 mg / kg of petroleum ether extract. [8] Note that this study also germ cells and sperm recovery luminal under histological examination, and improved fertility pregnancies scheduled male rats. [8]
5.3. Stomach
50-200mg / kg of extract water from the leaves taken Pedalium Murex either acute or 100 mg / kg for up to 30 days after the alcohol-induced ulceration test upset in mice were observed protective effects are dose dependent, with a sharp dose of 200 mg / kg tendency to overcome the active control of famotidine in 3 mg / kg (although the difference was not statistically significant) and 15 days of treatment for rehabilitation will be more active control. 30 days of treatment at 100 mg / kg cancel all signs of stomach ulcer, according to assess the ulcer index (UI). [10]
5.4. Urinary Tract
Ethylene glycol urolithiasis induced (kidney stones) because of 250mg / kg of ethanol extracted from the fruit a day, and the normalization of enzyme levels of biomarkers (ACP, ALT, AST, ALP and LDH) in the blood and urine serum, and kidney and liver relative to the control; it was 150 micrograms / kg of drugs thiazide signal power on an equal footing. [11] Although the formation of calculus in itself was not measured, it is believed that this shows the activity of the anti urolithiatic. [11]
6. Safety and Toxicity
6.1. Public
Oral doses up to 2000 mg / kg ethanol extract has shown any signs of acute toxicity in mice (control clinical signs) for a maximum of 14 days of observation. [2] It has been noted the lack of toxicity with the same dose of the extract of petroleum ether [8] and 3000 mg / kg of water extract of the leaves may also failed to produce overt signs of toxic. [10]
Paederia stink Summary (All / effects / data and information)
Paederia stink
Summary (All / effects / data and information is essential benefits)
It seems Paederia stinky herb used traditionally for a variety of purposes to revolve around either (especially anti-diarrhea, anti-dysentery) and also activated for the health of the intestine men's health.
There is very limited evidence for action, and bioactive is not currently known. The case seems to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant that are common to most of the effects of herbs, with no evidence to suspect that any of these mechanisms is remarkable to behold.
According to one study, an increase in the dose and time depenendent in semen production and secretion of the hormone testosterone in male rats with exciting effects aphrodisiac erectogenic and effects; and supports this study the initial idea that this herb can increase male strength and vitality, but you need replication. The main biologically active research also to be wise.
Although no known toxicities associated with this herb at this moment in time, there was a large number of research toxicity.
What You Should Know
Also known as
Prasarini, Akkar Sekuntut, Gandhali
Paederia stinky (Rubiaceae family) is the Central and Eastern Himilayas plant grows up 5,000 meters or more, Prasarini is called in India, [1] Gandhali, [2] and Akkar Sekuntut in Malaysia. [3] you have any use recorded for rheumatoid arthritis and difficult job, besides being aphrodisiac, resulting in a glow, and improve semen standards.
It is considered very aromatic and sometimes eaten as cooking dish, whether raw or steamed. [3]
1.2. Installation
Paederine, Paederone, Paederolone and Paederenine [3]
Hentriacontane [1]
Hentriacontanol [1]
Glycosides Irioid [4]
Alcohol Cyril [1]
Methylemercaptan [1]
Palmitic acid (fatty acids in the diet) [1]
Ursolic acid [1]
Stigmasterol, campesterol, sitosterol and [1]
There were more than 77 volatile oils components. [5]
Phenolic content of fresh leaves can be up to 62.64 +/- 1.32, while premium stems can be up to 60.93 +/- 3.40 (equivalent mg g / Alwerleik acid); and both are rejected after drying. [3]
2. nerves
21. Bah
In mature mice sexually because of 50-200mg / kg extract ethanol from Paederia stinky, Bah increase confirmed in pace (231%) and lower mount assembly latency (31.2%) along with increasing the frequency of intervention (222%) and decreased latency intervention (21% ); and all the effects were dose and time dependent, with peak values (particular) is reached at 200 mg / kg after 28 days. [1] sexy aphrodisiac effects (the highest dose in 28 days) was similar to an active control of 0.5 mg / kg of testosterone (shots) every two weeks. [1]
3. interact with hormones
3.1. Testosterone
An increase in testosterone has been observed in the blood in healthy mice given 100-200mg / kg of ethanol extract (not 50 mg / kg) for 28 days, all of the highest dose included in the scope of the oscillation / ml 4- 4.5ng (derived from the value of Table) to the control of a little less than 2 ng / L; significant increases in testosterone hardly noticed in day 15 only in the highest dose group. [1]
4. Inflammation and Immunology
4.1. Mechanisms
Paederia stink seems to have some anti-inflammatory effects as evaluated by a test of granuloma formation in mice, where injection 100-200mg / kg exceeded stinky Paederua active control (100 mg / kg of vinyl). [6]
5. oxidation reactions
5.1. Mechanisms
Fresh leaves showed Paederia stink of in vitro antioxidant potential of quercetin with greater force, but less than that of vitamin E in test beta-carotene oxidation. [3] have been observed similar trends in free radical ABTS test, with leaves, but not more than exceeded quercetin Vitamin C as an active control. [3]
6. interactions bodies
6.1. Rod
I noticed a study in male rats using 50-200mg / kg of ethanol for 28 days an increase in penile erection index (PEI) with 100-200mg / kg at day 15 (175%, no dose dependency) and all 28 doses per day (154 -289%); both of which topped the active control of 0.5 mg / kg every two weeks testosterone. [1]
6.2. Testicles
28 days of supplementation was 50-200mg / kg of ethanol extract of Paederia stinky able to increase the weight of the testes (5.9%), epididymis (9.3%) and seminal vesicles (7.9%) without relying on what seems dose. It has been observed [1] In the histological study, the effect of slightly increased vascular and sperm concentrations in the testicular Sertoli cells were expanded and highly processed. [1]
63. Prostate
Study mice using 50-200mg / kg of ethanol extract of Paederia stink for 28 days Note that although there is a trend to increase the weight of the prostate that this increase were not statistically significant. Active control of 0.5 mg / kg every two weeks Testosterone also did not reach statistical significance. [1]
6.4. Bowels
In test diarrhea caused by castor oil, can 100-500mg / kg of ethanol extract of Paederia stinky have the perverse effect of acute diarrhea with 500 mg / kg only be relevant to 6 hours. [7] it has been observed adverse effects of diarrhea also in the test of magnesium sulfate, and tend to reduce intestinal motility caused by cisplatin and barium sulfate. [7]
Summary (All / effects / data and information is essential benefits)
It seems Paederia stinky herb used traditionally for a variety of purposes to revolve around either (especially anti-diarrhea, anti-dysentery) and also activated for the health of the intestine men's health.
There is very limited evidence for action, and bioactive is not currently known. The case seems to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant that are common to most of the effects of herbs, with no evidence to suspect that any of these mechanisms is remarkable to behold.
According to one study, an increase in the dose and time depenendent in semen production and secretion of the hormone testosterone in male rats with exciting effects aphrodisiac erectogenic and effects; and supports this study the initial idea that this herb can increase male strength and vitality, but you need replication. The main biologically active research also to be wise.
Although no known toxicities associated with this herb at this moment in time, there was a large number of research toxicity.
What You Should Know
Also known as
Prasarini, Akkar Sekuntut, Gandhali
Paederia stinky (Rubiaceae family) is the Central and Eastern Himilayas plant grows up 5,000 meters or more, Prasarini is called in India, [1] Gandhali, [2] and Akkar Sekuntut in Malaysia. [3] you have any use recorded for rheumatoid arthritis and difficult job, besides being aphrodisiac, resulting in a glow, and improve semen standards.
It is considered very aromatic and sometimes eaten as cooking dish, whether raw or steamed. [3]
1.2. Installation
Paederine, Paederone, Paederolone and Paederenine [3]
Hentriacontane [1]
Hentriacontanol [1]
Glycosides Irioid [4]
Alcohol Cyril [1]
Methylemercaptan [1]
Palmitic acid (fatty acids in the diet) [1]
Ursolic acid [1]
Stigmasterol, campesterol, sitosterol and [1]
There were more than 77 volatile oils components. [5]
Phenolic content of fresh leaves can be up to 62.64 +/- 1.32, while premium stems can be up to 60.93 +/- 3.40 (equivalent mg g / Alwerleik acid); and both are rejected after drying. [3]
2. nerves
21. Bah
In mature mice sexually because of 50-200mg / kg extract ethanol from Paederia stinky, Bah increase confirmed in pace (231%) and lower mount assembly latency (31.2%) along with increasing the frequency of intervention (222%) and decreased latency intervention (21% ); and all the effects were dose and time dependent, with peak values (particular) is reached at 200 mg / kg after 28 days. [1] sexy aphrodisiac effects (the highest dose in 28 days) was similar to an active control of 0.5 mg / kg of testosterone (shots) every two weeks. [1]
3. interact with hormones
3.1. Testosterone
An increase in testosterone has been observed in the blood in healthy mice given 100-200mg / kg of ethanol extract (not 50 mg / kg) for 28 days, all of the highest dose included in the scope of the oscillation / ml 4- 4.5ng (derived from the value of Table) to the control of a little less than 2 ng / L; significant increases in testosterone hardly noticed in day 15 only in the highest dose group. [1]
4. Inflammation and Immunology
4.1. Mechanisms
Paederia stink seems to have some anti-inflammatory effects as evaluated by a test of granuloma formation in mice, where injection 100-200mg / kg exceeded stinky Paederua active control (100 mg / kg of vinyl). [6]
5. oxidation reactions
5.1. Mechanisms
Fresh leaves showed Paederia stink of in vitro antioxidant potential of quercetin with greater force, but less than that of vitamin E in test beta-carotene oxidation. [3] have been observed similar trends in free radical ABTS test, with leaves, but not more than exceeded quercetin Vitamin C as an active control. [3]
6. interactions bodies
6.1. Rod
I noticed a study in male rats using 50-200mg / kg of ethanol for 28 days an increase in penile erection index (PEI) with 100-200mg / kg at day 15 (175%, no dose dependency) and all 28 doses per day (154 -289%); both of which topped the active control of 0.5 mg / kg every two weeks testosterone. [1]
6.2. Testicles
28 days of supplementation was 50-200mg / kg of ethanol extract of Paederia stinky able to increase the weight of the testes (5.9%), epididymis (9.3%) and seminal vesicles (7.9%) without relying on what seems dose. It has been observed [1] In the histological study, the effect of slightly increased vascular and sperm concentrations in the testicular Sertoli cells were expanded and highly processed. [1]
63. Prostate
Study mice using 50-200mg / kg of ethanol extract of Paederia stink for 28 days Note that although there is a trend to increase the weight of the prostate that this increase were not statistically significant. Active control of 0.5 mg / kg every two weeks Testosterone also did not reach statistical significance. [1]
6.4. Bowels
In test diarrhea caused by castor oil, can 100-500mg / kg of ethanol extract of Paederia stinky have the perverse effect of acute diarrhea with 500 mg / kg only be relevant to 6 hours. [7] it has been observed adverse effects of diarrhea also in the test of magnesium sulfate, and tend to reduce intestinal motility caused by cisplatin and barium sulfate. [7]
Butea superba Summary (All / effects / data and information)
Butea superba
Summary (All / effects / data and information is essential benefits)
Butea Superba plant is a tuber that is clearly similar to Pueraria still seems to be the opposite in fact. This tuber has been used traditionally to improve the vitality of male and as an aphrodisiac in Thailand and that seems to be the source of the compounds of masculinity.
When examined the effects of masculinity studies, there seems to be the classic signs of the direct activation of androgen (in particular, an increase in liver enzymes in some studies and the growth of the sexual organs of male, a decrease in testosterone levels of serum was observed possibly due to negative feedback), but unlike his sister grass (Pueraria) that mediate these effects are biologically active masculinity is not currently known, nor is its powers with respect to known testosterone.
It seems that low doses of Butea Superba to be safe for human consumption, on the basis of limited evidence, although that is connected to the higher doses of the mutations in mice (300-1000mg / kg, which is the human equivalent of 48 mg / kg or higher) and on this as they are undesirable.
It seems that both studies erectogenic Butea Superba and its effects have flaws, and in spite of this herb could potentially be helpful erectogenic at this time does not appear to.
What You Should Know
Also known as
Red Kwao Krua
Not to be confused with
White Kwao Krua (Pueraria), Butea monosperma
Things to consider
Maybe androgen, thus making many similar testosterone levels to the highest risk
Taking (the recommended dose, active and quantities, and other details)
There is insufficient information to recommend supplements butea superba, but it seems that is commonly used in the range of 100-250mg. Biologically active and latent minute behind its effects are not known
Butea Superba is one of the three herbs with a label "Kwao Krua" in the traditional Thai medicine and more specifically called "Red Kwao Krua" with other relevant herbs that "white" Kwao Krua (Pueraria) and "black 'Kwao Krua (Moukonh collettii); Butea Superba is similar to visually Pueraria. [1]
Butea Superba is a plant tubers that have been used for the purposes of male life in Thailand
1.2. Installation
Butesuperin A and B [2]
Medicarpin, [3] as found in Butea monosperma
Formononetin and Prunetin (isoflavones) [3]
methoxyflavone and 3,7,3 'Trihydroxy 4' glucoside [4]
3,5,7,3 ', 4'-pentahydroxy-8- methoxy-glucoside and flavonol [5]
Isoflavones genistein and daidzein and coumestrol [2]
PROCYANIDIN B2 and B5, as well as the constituent (-) - Abakatchen [6]
It is known that some of the components, but the currently active component does not know
2. Pharmacy
21. enzyme reactions
3,7,3'Trihydroxy 4 'methoxyflavone seems to be Vosfodestraz camp inhibitor with IC50 of 190ug / ml (glucoside and has a presence IC50 value of 58ug / ml), which exceed those theophylline active controls (615ug / ml), and caffeine (420ug / ml). [4]
3. Neuroscience
3.1. Acetylcholine
In a study for the detection of Thai herbs, Butea Superba 0.1 mg / ml was able to curb acetylcholineasterase in the range of 50-65%, performed with respect to Tabernaemontana suberosa divaricata and Stephania. All herbs relative poor performance of galantamine as the active control [7].
Can inhibit acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine and increase the response), but below the level for other herbs, as well as active control of galantamine
4. interactions organs of the body
4.1. Rod
Butea Superba has been observed to improve the erection of the penis in mice focus 0.1-1000mg / ml (in vitro tests in the penis rat tissues), where the average pressure cavernous to 0.1 mg / ml (1.7%) 0.1 mg / ml (6.8%), and 10 mg / ml (4.2%) and 1000 mg / ml (8.3%); after a little concentration dependence. [8] Pressure measuring intracavernous (ICP), correlated concentration with 1 mg / kg as was seen most effective, and relaxing effect of Butea Superba seemed enhanced when incubated with the compound (one molecule of small banners is the result of the inhibition of PDE5). [8] The erection of the penis has been copied this feature in diabetic rats (diabetes tends to impede the function of secondary erection of poor circulation) with 10 mg / kg of ethanol extract being the most effective dose (relative to 1 mg / kg and 100 mg / kg, in spite of all they are better than control) [9] In spite of the reported study once in a power greater than Viagra, they can not repeat these effects. [10]
/ Ml in the laboratory extraction of ethanol from Butea Superba stem 50 micrograms to prevent ROCK-II of 51.83%, with aqueous extract inhibition respectively 34.85% has been shown, [11] these herbs exceeded and spherical flowers INDEX (22.4% and 36.77%, respectively), Chlorophytum borivilianum (4.11% and 40.54%) and terrestris (20.48% and 10.83%), but below the level to a large extent to the proportion of Syzygium cumini (87.27% and 89.67%) and Terminalia chebula (87.55% and 86.83%). [Eleven]
It has to induce relaxation of the penis mechanisms
A study of people who suffer from erectile dysfunction using basic tuber extract 500MG for three months there has been an improvement in sexual function, as reported by the IIEF-5 with 82.4% of patients (n = 17 total) reporting either fair or excellent basis for improvement. [12] This study is very limited, if not reduced in importance, and the pilot double-blind, placebo as a condition of all withdrew. [12]
In an open forum for people taking 100 mg of Butea Superba proerectile be noted that the effects of the herb, when taken 1-2 hours before sex, and comparable to the active control trial to Viagra. When examining the double blind manner using a lot of different Butea Superba, these effects failed to be replicated implementation. Note [10] The book is larger than the variation between batches deal, and said that this combination of PDE5 inhibitors in the first batch cause false positive. [10]
Preliminary evidence to support the use of Butea Superba for use of erectile dysfunction, but literally learns placebo group withdrew from the first and second study seems to have used the product defect (with the results even less impressive coming a lot more below)
4.2. Man reprodutive bodies
When Butea Superba male rats fed daily for 8 weeks (2 mg / kg 0.25 mg / kg, and 250 mg / kg and 1250 mg / kg) pointed out that the sperm count increased about 16% in all doses notice any dependency dose , and although it seems that there is a tendency to gain weight just TESTE 1250 mg / kg group and the arrival of importance. [13]
5. interact with hormones
5.1. Testosterone
I assumed one of the studies that Butea Superba has implications masculinity directly, as evidenced by the 150-200 / kg of the powder root causing the low a dose-dependent in testosterone serum and along with the side effects normally associated with reminders (increased serum alkaline phosphatase and AST, and increase the weight of the spleen). [14] These effects restores masculinity in female mice. [fifteen]
Limited evidence to support that, but there is some evidence to suggest that elements of Butea Superba has masculinity direct action
In mice, Butea Superba in oral doses of 10, 50 or 250 mg / kg daily for 8 weeks failed to influence the circulating testosterone levels [16], although another study found a dose reduction depends above 250 mg / kg . [14] When tested in humans, in a sample of people who suffer from erectile dysfunction increased from 2.751.40ng / mg to 3.061.37ng / mg (11.2%) was observed, but is not considered statistically significant. [12]
She noted at least one case study in hyperandrogenemia case related supplements Butea Superba, where a man 35 years Butea Superba took (dose undeclared) of 'weeks for the purpose of hair growth and after clinical examination in DHT serum and 1512 pg / ml (152% of the maximum possible value on average Natural), 328ug / ml DHEAS, and 1.7% of free testosterone and 43.24 pg / ml SHBG. [17] and after the cessation of grass, DHT and libido natural track in 1 week.
Highly reliable effects on circulating with low testosterone (believed to be secondary to androgen plant nutrients) and increase (unknown reason) both reports
5.2. Estrogen
One study reported that there are some weak phytoestrogens (isoflavones and pterocarpan one) Butea Superba content with the relative strength (relative to 17β-estradiol) ranging from 5.27 to 15.5%. It seems [18] Other components (not currently known) in extracts of Butea Superba that have anti-estrogenic effects against 17β-estradiol when coincubated. [18]
Potential estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects depending on the cellular context, the importance of the process do not know
5.3. Hormone
In male rats showed, either sexual testicles intact or without (orchidectomized) to 50 and 250 mg / kg (10 mg / kg) is able to suppress an increase in the hormone (LH) associated with the removal of the testicles; there was no significant effect on the sound mice. [16]
6. Safety and Toxicity
6.1. Public
Oral intake 1250 mg / kg of tuber to rats for a period of 8 weeks stop toxic effects, [13] despite the fact that this same study indicates Bulletin (can not determine the original paper site) at 360 mg injection / kg was lethal during heart failure. [13] which is equivalent to Thailand FDA seems to have established a safe limit of these food products 100 mg per day or 0.2 mg per 100 g of body weight (50 kg 100 mg / £ 110 l). [13]
It has been observed that high doses of Butea Superba consumption (300 mg / kg in mice, dose human than 48 mg / kg) can lead to genotoxic effects in spite of less than free of toxic doses and [19] This observed elsewhere with 1000 mg / kg. But not 200 mg / kg. [20]
Summary (All / effects / data and information is essential benefits)
Butea Superba plant is a tuber that is clearly similar to Pueraria still seems to be the opposite in fact. This tuber has been used traditionally to improve the vitality of male and as an aphrodisiac in Thailand and that seems to be the source of the compounds of masculinity.
When examined the effects of masculinity studies, there seems to be the classic signs of the direct activation of androgen (in particular, an increase in liver enzymes in some studies and the growth of the sexual organs of male, a decrease in testosterone levels of serum was observed possibly due to negative feedback), but unlike his sister grass (Pueraria) that mediate these effects are biologically active masculinity is not currently known, nor is its powers with respect to known testosterone.
It seems that low doses of Butea Superba to be safe for human consumption, on the basis of limited evidence, although that is connected to the higher doses of the mutations in mice (300-1000mg / kg, which is the human equivalent of 48 mg / kg or higher) and on this as they are undesirable.
It seems that both studies erectogenic Butea Superba and its effects have flaws, and in spite of this herb could potentially be helpful erectogenic at this time does not appear to.
What You Should Know
Also known as
Red Kwao Krua
Not to be confused with
White Kwao Krua (Pueraria), Butea monosperma
Things to consider
Maybe androgen, thus making many similar testosterone levels to the highest risk
Taking (the recommended dose, active and quantities, and other details)
There is insufficient information to recommend supplements butea superba, but it seems that is commonly used in the range of 100-250mg. Biologically active and latent minute behind its effects are not known
Butea Superba is one of the three herbs with a label "Kwao Krua" in the traditional Thai medicine and more specifically called "Red Kwao Krua" with other relevant herbs that "white" Kwao Krua (Pueraria) and "black 'Kwao Krua (Moukonh collettii); Butea Superba is similar to visually Pueraria. [1]
Butea Superba is a plant tubers that have been used for the purposes of male life in Thailand
1.2. Installation
Butesuperin A and B [2]
Medicarpin, [3] as found in Butea monosperma
Formononetin and Prunetin (isoflavones) [3]
methoxyflavone and 3,7,3 'Trihydroxy 4' glucoside [4]
3,5,7,3 ', 4'-pentahydroxy-8- methoxy-glucoside and flavonol [5]
Isoflavones genistein and daidzein and coumestrol [2]
PROCYANIDIN B2 and B5, as well as the constituent (-) - Abakatchen [6]
It is known that some of the components, but the currently active component does not know
2. Pharmacy
21. enzyme reactions
3,7,3'Trihydroxy 4 'methoxyflavone seems to be Vosfodestraz camp inhibitor with IC50 of 190ug / ml (glucoside and has a presence IC50 value of 58ug / ml), which exceed those theophylline active controls (615ug / ml), and caffeine (420ug / ml). [4]
3. Neuroscience
3.1. Acetylcholine
In a study for the detection of Thai herbs, Butea Superba 0.1 mg / ml was able to curb acetylcholineasterase in the range of 50-65%, performed with respect to Tabernaemontana suberosa divaricata and Stephania. All herbs relative poor performance of galantamine as the active control [7].
Can inhibit acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine and increase the response), but below the level for other herbs, as well as active control of galantamine
4. interactions organs of the body
4.1. Rod
Butea Superba has been observed to improve the erection of the penis in mice focus 0.1-1000mg / ml (in vitro tests in the penis rat tissues), where the average pressure cavernous to 0.1 mg / ml (1.7%) 0.1 mg / ml (6.8%), and 10 mg / ml (4.2%) and 1000 mg / ml (8.3%); after a little concentration dependence. [8] Pressure measuring intracavernous (ICP), correlated concentration with 1 mg / kg as was seen most effective, and relaxing effect of Butea Superba seemed enhanced when incubated with the compound (one molecule of small banners is the result of the inhibition of PDE5). [8] The erection of the penis has been copied this feature in diabetic rats (diabetes tends to impede the function of secondary erection of poor circulation) with 10 mg / kg of ethanol extract being the most effective dose (relative to 1 mg / kg and 100 mg / kg, in spite of all they are better than control) [9] In spite of the reported study once in a power greater than Viagra, they can not repeat these effects. [10]
/ Ml in the laboratory extraction of ethanol from Butea Superba stem 50 micrograms to prevent ROCK-II of 51.83%, with aqueous extract inhibition respectively 34.85% has been shown, [11] these herbs exceeded and spherical flowers INDEX (22.4% and 36.77%, respectively), Chlorophytum borivilianum (4.11% and 40.54%) and terrestris (20.48% and 10.83%), but below the level to a large extent to the proportion of Syzygium cumini (87.27% and 89.67%) and Terminalia chebula (87.55% and 86.83%). [Eleven]
It has to induce relaxation of the penis mechanisms
A study of people who suffer from erectile dysfunction using basic tuber extract 500MG for three months there has been an improvement in sexual function, as reported by the IIEF-5 with 82.4% of patients (n = 17 total) reporting either fair or excellent basis for improvement. [12] This study is very limited, if not reduced in importance, and the pilot double-blind, placebo as a condition of all withdrew. [12]
In an open forum for people taking 100 mg of Butea Superba proerectile be noted that the effects of the herb, when taken 1-2 hours before sex, and comparable to the active control trial to Viagra. When examining the double blind manner using a lot of different Butea Superba, these effects failed to be replicated implementation. Note [10] The book is larger than the variation between batches deal, and said that this combination of PDE5 inhibitors in the first batch cause false positive. [10]
Preliminary evidence to support the use of Butea Superba for use of erectile dysfunction, but literally learns placebo group withdrew from the first and second study seems to have used the product defect (with the results even less impressive coming a lot more below)
4.2. Man reprodutive bodies
When Butea Superba male rats fed daily for 8 weeks (2 mg / kg 0.25 mg / kg, and 250 mg / kg and 1250 mg / kg) pointed out that the sperm count increased about 16% in all doses notice any dependency dose , and although it seems that there is a tendency to gain weight just TESTE 1250 mg / kg group and the arrival of importance. [13]
5. interact with hormones
5.1. Testosterone
I assumed one of the studies that Butea Superba has implications masculinity directly, as evidenced by the 150-200 / kg of the powder root causing the low a dose-dependent in testosterone serum and along with the side effects normally associated with reminders (increased serum alkaline phosphatase and AST, and increase the weight of the spleen). [14] These effects restores masculinity in female mice. [fifteen]
Limited evidence to support that, but there is some evidence to suggest that elements of Butea Superba has masculinity direct action
In mice, Butea Superba in oral doses of 10, 50 or 250 mg / kg daily for 8 weeks failed to influence the circulating testosterone levels [16], although another study found a dose reduction depends above 250 mg / kg . [14] When tested in humans, in a sample of people who suffer from erectile dysfunction increased from 2.751.40ng / mg to 3.061.37ng / mg (11.2%) was observed, but is not considered statistically significant. [12]
She noted at least one case study in hyperandrogenemia case related supplements Butea Superba, where a man 35 years Butea Superba took (dose undeclared) of 'weeks for the purpose of hair growth and after clinical examination in DHT serum and 1512 pg / ml (152% of the maximum possible value on average Natural), 328ug / ml DHEAS, and 1.7% of free testosterone and 43.24 pg / ml SHBG. [17] and after the cessation of grass, DHT and libido natural track in 1 week.
Highly reliable effects on circulating with low testosterone (believed to be secondary to androgen plant nutrients) and increase (unknown reason) both reports
5.2. Estrogen
One study reported that there are some weak phytoestrogens (isoflavones and pterocarpan one) Butea Superba content with the relative strength (relative to 17β-estradiol) ranging from 5.27 to 15.5%. It seems [18] Other components (not currently known) in extracts of Butea Superba that have anti-estrogenic effects against 17β-estradiol when coincubated. [18]
Potential estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects depending on the cellular context, the importance of the process do not know
5.3. Hormone
In male rats showed, either sexual testicles intact or without (orchidectomized) to 50 and 250 mg / kg (10 mg / kg) is able to suppress an increase in the hormone (LH) associated with the removal of the testicles; there was no significant effect on the sound mice. [16]
6. Safety and Toxicity
6.1. Public
Oral intake 1250 mg / kg of tuber to rats for a period of 8 weeks stop toxic effects, [13] despite the fact that this same study indicates Bulletin (can not determine the original paper site) at 360 mg injection / kg was lethal during heart failure. [13] which is equivalent to Thailand FDA seems to have established a safe limit of these food products 100 mg per day or 0.2 mg per 100 g of body weight (50 kg 100 mg / £ 110 l). [13]
It has been observed that high doses of Butea Superba consumption (300 mg / kg in mice, dose human than 48 mg / kg) can lead to genotoxic effects in spite of less than free of toxic doses and [19] This observed elsewhere with 1000 mg / kg. But not 200 mg / kg. [20]
4. Inflammation and Immunology
4. Inflammation and Immunology
4.1. Mechanisms
With regard to the release of cytokines, cultered macrophages with water extract of velvet antler at least it seems to be so secrete TNF-, IL-6, IL-12p40 and / ml 100-150ug focus. [18]
It has been observed in the extraction of ethanol that after oral ingestion of 100 mg / kg, and suppress the secretion of nitric oxide peritoneal macrophages while stimulating activity secondary eaters to mobilize calcium, [19] and has been observed to increase the number of macrophage cells in a manner dependent on the concentration of up to 171.5% in 150 micrograms / ml with water extraction (and 132.4% for splenocytes). It seems [18] and this immune-related molecules Alert phosphatidylcholine with acyl chains of saturated fatty acids [20] solution, and is believed to be behind a counter effect of the infection in mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus when Velvet antler ingested 500 mg / kg. [18]
It seems that the mechanisms to be anti-inflammatory in the individual cell level, but maybe the immune stimulant. It has made further studies are needed mechanisms, but it may be velvet antler agent immune possible
4.2. Allergies
In the mouse model of egg albumin awareness, and given 4 weeks antler velvet total 2.5-10mg (not the weight of mice, on the assumption that this is equal to 20G 125-500mg / kg or 10-40 mg / kg was humans) able to reduce the Total E immunoglobulin (IgE) and a team of international experts for the government egg albumin 14, 21 and 28 days. [21] When challenged with Mithacolin then measured may force the airways, it looks like velvet antler is making to combat asthma with respect to sensitivity. [21]
One study suggests anti-allergy effects in an animal model of allergic asthma
4.3. Arthritis
In dogs with radiographic evidence of osteroarthrosis 560-1120mg given antler velvet for 30 days (based on the weight to 560 mg for children under 40 kg 0.840 mg particular 40-59.9kg and 1120 mg 60-79.9kg given) was able to improve walking, according to the evaluation forceplates and improving activities of daily living (assessed by the owner). [22]
In 168 people suffer from rheumatoid arthritis stable, but this pain (25-100mm The VAS scale) is given either 1 gram of velvet deer antler or placebo for 6 months showed no statistically significant differences between placebo and velvet antler in terms of pain. [23] In another study by the same research team using a size smaller sample (n = 40) graded doses of 430 mg 0.860 mg and 1290mg per day was noted that there is a trend depends on the dose to reduce the symptoms of pain, but this was not statistically significant . [24]
A systematic review of human interventions [25] makes note of the study in patients with osteoarthritis (Edelman et al. 2000 ;. can not be found on the Internet), who found an improvement in the symptoms of joint pain from baseline in the group Velvet antler and not a placebo, although of the lack of information about blinding and randomization is opposed to the results that can be drawn from this study.
Both human studies have tested the rheumatoid arthritis now negative, which indicates that there is great benefit of velvet century 403-1290mg taken daily to reduce pain in rheumatoid arthritis
5. interact with physical performance
5.1. Speeches
Study in men given 1.5 grams velvet century for 11 weeks found that the intake of velvet antler was associated with greater improvement in peak torque (30 +/- 21% at baseline versus placebo increased 13 +/- 15%) and the average energy (21 +/- 19 +/- 12% versus 7%) as assessed by leg extension. The researchers noted that there were no other criteria indicate improved strength (as improve endocrine glands or red blood cells), and pointed out that there is a need to repeat them. [26] lack of aerodynamic improvement was observed in this study contradict another study using velvet 2,700mg century (two doses of 1,350mg daily for 10 weeks) to improve VO2 max by 9.8%, despite the fact that this study was the high dropout rate marked by 44%, which opposes the conclusions that can be drawn. [27]
And it failed to study in the blasphemers velvet Root 560 mg given for 10 weeks of training to find improvements in performance or other parameters strength rowing (press and bench press leg) in both sexes. It was noted [28] antler velvet 1350mg twice daily (daily dose of 2,700mg) for 10 weeks to increase leg strength (evaluation through the leg press) more than placebo no difference in the banking Press. This study was a dropout rate of 44% and the conclusions that can be drawn is limited. [27]
In general, a systematic review notes [25] on the subject of strengthening the performance of the previous tests are preliminary and although some promise requires further investigation because of discrepancies in the notes. Currently there is insufficient evidence to support the antler velvet as an adjunct generator to power work.
He noted mixed on the benefits of physical performance, with the previous study to increase their strength in the need to be repeated
6. skeletal mass and bone metabolism
6.1. Break
Currently, the study that led to the broken bones in rats and 20 mg / kg injection polypeptide centuries velvet in the region every day for seven weeks and found that the fracture healing rate depends on the dose is increased in the weeks 4-7 regard to the control and load weight increase bone after rehabilitation with 10 mg / kg (60.7%) and 20 mg / kg (93% more than the control) after 7 weeks. Proposed [29] study in the laboratory that this was due to the concentration depends on the precursors of bone and cartilage mitogenic activity. [29]
Preliminary evidence to support the idea that velvet antler accelerated rate of bone healing, and the need to reproduce or after oral intake (rather than injections)
7. interaction with hormones
7.1. Testosterone
1 gram of failed antler velvet taken daily for 12 weeks in healthy adult men to a significant change in serum testosterone levels, either in whole or in free testosterone. [8] Another study in healthy men also have failed to find such an impact on the personal endocrine, with 11 weeks of supplementation 1.5G not to change testosterone in the blood [26] and also the lack of effects observed after 10 weeks of 560 mg in men and women who performed kayaking coherent system. [28]
A study in mice to investigate toxic effects that 10% of the diet as velvet antler from day 18 of pregnancy to the 88th day after birth reduces the activity of the enzyme γ-GT by 22% in men and 14% in female births. This is mentioned as the authors suspect the effect of androgenic possible (without support in the study). [30]
There is no evidence to support the idea that velvet antler increases circulating testosterone levels in the blood
7.2. IGF-1
Insulin-like factor 1 (IGF-1) is a growth stimulant that appears to induce the growth of centuries themselves molecule, [31] [32] Although testosterone can be a primary growth factor. [33] At the present time, there is no evidence that serum IGF-1 increases after eating velvet antler with a study using 1.5 g of velvet antler for 11 weeks failed to increase serum IGF-1. [26]
There is currently no evidence to support an increase in the levels of IGF-1 as a result of the consumption of velvet antler
7.3. Hormone
1 gram of failed antler velvet taken daily for 12 weeks in healthy adult men to a significant change in blood hormone (LH) more than placebo. [8]
7.4. Follicle stimulating hormone
1 gram of failed antler velvet taken daily for 12 weeks in healthy adult men to a major change in the alarm blood follicle (FSH) more than placebo. [8]
7.5. Prolactin
1 gram of failed antler velvet taken daily for 12 weeks in healthy adult men to a significant change in the levels of prolactin in the blood more than placebo. [8]
8. aesthetic reactions
8.1. Skin
In a study of mice with diabetes because of a topical wound (scalpel and scissors to create cricle, diabetes tends to reduce wound healing rates [34] and therefore diabetic rats are good research prices wound closure model) where either control or cream containing 400 micrograms antler velvet ( Elk, water soluble extract). He pointed out that there are fewer blood vessels and the trend towards less inflammation assocaited with antler velvet cream, while in day 7 wounds treated with horns cream was much smaller than the control [35] protein 3.2kDa him and found to possess the wound healing properties, and are based on dose, has been observed to improve wound healing burns caused by 0.05 to 0.1% solution [36] in the laboratory in 10 -40mcg / ml. [37]
No human studies, but preliminary studies, mice in the laboratory indicate that the Velvet topical century has regenerative properties of the skin, can improve wound closure
9. Safety and Toxicology
9.1. Public
Sharp dose of 2000 mg / kg of Deir velvet mice antler (doses human equivalent of 320 mg / kg) did not show more than 14 days of observation of toxic signs, and test for 90 days with a daily dose of 1000 mg / kg did not show any blood toxicity symptoms of large signs. A decrease in liver weight in men has been observed, but under the histological examination it seems benign. [38] A study Toxicology Last mice using 10% of the diet such as deer velvet antler during pregnancy and after birth there was any traces teratogenic clear in the offspring of mice which AST in serum (indicate liver damage) was in fact 50% decrease relative to the control without effect on γ-GT (liver enzymes else). [30]
4.1. Mechanisms
With regard to the release of cytokines, cultered macrophages with water extract of velvet antler at least it seems to be so secrete TNF-, IL-6, IL-12p40 and / ml 100-150ug focus. [18]
It has been observed in the extraction of ethanol that after oral ingestion of 100 mg / kg, and suppress the secretion of nitric oxide peritoneal macrophages while stimulating activity secondary eaters to mobilize calcium, [19] and has been observed to increase the number of macrophage cells in a manner dependent on the concentration of up to 171.5% in 150 micrograms / ml with water extraction (and 132.4% for splenocytes). It seems [18] and this immune-related molecules Alert phosphatidylcholine with acyl chains of saturated fatty acids [20] solution, and is believed to be behind a counter effect of the infection in mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus when Velvet antler ingested 500 mg / kg. [18]
It seems that the mechanisms to be anti-inflammatory in the individual cell level, but maybe the immune stimulant. It has made further studies are needed mechanisms, but it may be velvet antler agent immune possible
4.2. Allergies
In the mouse model of egg albumin awareness, and given 4 weeks antler velvet total 2.5-10mg (not the weight of mice, on the assumption that this is equal to 20G 125-500mg / kg or 10-40 mg / kg was humans) able to reduce the Total E immunoglobulin (IgE) and a team of international experts for the government egg albumin 14, 21 and 28 days. [21] When challenged with Mithacolin then measured may force the airways, it looks like velvet antler is making to combat asthma with respect to sensitivity. [21]
One study suggests anti-allergy effects in an animal model of allergic asthma
4.3. Arthritis
In dogs with radiographic evidence of osteroarthrosis 560-1120mg given antler velvet for 30 days (based on the weight to 560 mg for children under 40 kg 0.840 mg particular 40-59.9kg and 1120 mg 60-79.9kg given) was able to improve walking, according to the evaluation forceplates and improving activities of daily living (assessed by the owner). [22]
In 168 people suffer from rheumatoid arthritis stable, but this pain (25-100mm The VAS scale) is given either 1 gram of velvet deer antler or placebo for 6 months showed no statistically significant differences between placebo and velvet antler in terms of pain. [23] In another study by the same research team using a size smaller sample (n = 40) graded doses of 430 mg 0.860 mg and 1290mg per day was noted that there is a trend depends on the dose to reduce the symptoms of pain, but this was not statistically significant . [24]
A systematic review of human interventions [25] makes note of the study in patients with osteoarthritis (Edelman et al. 2000 ;. can not be found on the Internet), who found an improvement in the symptoms of joint pain from baseline in the group Velvet antler and not a placebo, although of the lack of information about blinding and randomization is opposed to the results that can be drawn from this study.
Both human studies have tested the rheumatoid arthritis now negative, which indicates that there is great benefit of velvet century 403-1290mg taken daily to reduce pain in rheumatoid arthritis
5. interact with physical performance
5.1. Speeches
Study in men given 1.5 grams velvet century for 11 weeks found that the intake of velvet antler was associated with greater improvement in peak torque (30 +/- 21% at baseline versus placebo increased 13 +/- 15%) and the average energy (21 +/- 19 +/- 12% versus 7%) as assessed by leg extension. The researchers noted that there were no other criteria indicate improved strength (as improve endocrine glands or red blood cells), and pointed out that there is a need to repeat them. [26] lack of aerodynamic improvement was observed in this study contradict another study using velvet 2,700mg century (two doses of 1,350mg daily for 10 weeks) to improve VO2 max by 9.8%, despite the fact that this study was the high dropout rate marked by 44%, which opposes the conclusions that can be drawn. [27]
And it failed to study in the blasphemers velvet Root 560 mg given for 10 weeks of training to find improvements in performance or other parameters strength rowing (press and bench press leg) in both sexes. It was noted [28] antler velvet 1350mg twice daily (daily dose of 2,700mg) for 10 weeks to increase leg strength (evaluation through the leg press) more than placebo no difference in the banking Press. This study was a dropout rate of 44% and the conclusions that can be drawn is limited. [27]
In general, a systematic review notes [25] on the subject of strengthening the performance of the previous tests are preliminary and although some promise requires further investigation because of discrepancies in the notes. Currently there is insufficient evidence to support the antler velvet as an adjunct generator to power work.
He noted mixed on the benefits of physical performance, with the previous study to increase their strength in the need to be repeated
6. skeletal mass and bone metabolism
6.1. Break
Currently, the study that led to the broken bones in rats and 20 mg / kg injection polypeptide centuries velvet in the region every day for seven weeks and found that the fracture healing rate depends on the dose is increased in the weeks 4-7 regard to the control and load weight increase bone after rehabilitation with 10 mg / kg (60.7%) and 20 mg / kg (93% more than the control) after 7 weeks. Proposed [29] study in the laboratory that this was due to the concentration depends on the precursors of bone and cartilage mitogenic activity. [29]
Preliminary evidence to support the idea that velvet antler accelerated rate of bone healing, and the need to reproduce or after oral intake (rather than injections)
7. interaction with hormones
7.1. Testosterone
1 gram of failed antler velvet taken daily for 12 weeks in healthy adult men to a significant change in serum testosterone levels, either in whole or in free testosterone. [8] Another study in healthy men also have failed to find such an impact on the personal endocrine, with 11 weeks of supplementation 1.5G not to change testosterone in the blood [26] and also the lack of effects observed after 10 weeks of 560 mg in men and women who performed kayaking coherent system. [28]
A study in mice to investigate toxic effects that 10% of the diet as velvet antler from day 18 of pregnancy to the 88th day after birth reduces the activity of the enzyme γ-GT by 22% in men and 14% in female births. This is mentioned as the authors suspect the effect of androgenic possible (without support in the study). [30]
There is no evidence to support the idea that velvet antler increases circulating testosterone levels in the blood
7.2. IGF-1
Insulin-like factor 1 (IGF-1) is a growth stimulant that appears to induce the growth of centuries themselves molecule, [31] [32] Although testosterone can be a primary growth factor. [33] At the present time, there is no evidence that serum IGF-1 increases after eating velvet antler with a study using 1.5 g of velvet antler for 11 weeks failed to increase serum IGF-1. [26]
There is currently no evidence to support an increase in the levels of IGF-1 as a result of the consumption of velvet antler
7.3. Hormone
1 gram of failed antler velvet taken daily for 12 weeks in healthy adult men to a significant change in blood hormone (LH) more than placebo. [8]
7.4. Follicle stimulating hormone
1 gram of failed antler velvet taken daily for 12 weeks in healthy adult men to a major change in the alarm blood follicle (FSH) more than placebo. [8]
7.5. Prolactin
1 gram of failed antler velvet taken daily for 12 weeks in healthy adult men to a significant change in the levels of prolactin in the blood more than placebo. [8]
8. aesthetic reactions
8.1. Skin
In a study of mice with diabetes because of a topical wound (scalpel and scissors to create cricle, diabetes tends to reduce wound healing rates [34] and therefore diabetic rats are good research prices wound closure model) where either control or cream containing 400 micrograms antler velvet ( Elk, water soluble extract). He pointed out that there are fewer blood vessels and the trend towards less inflammation assocaited with antler velvet cream, while in day 7 wounds treated with horns cream was much smaller than the control [35] protein 3.2kDa him and found to possess the wound healing properties, and are based on dose, has been observed to improve wound healing burns caused by 0.05 to 0.1% solution [36] in the laboratory in 10 -40mcg / ml. [37]
No human studies, but preliminary studies, mice in the laboratory indicate that the Velvet topical century has regenerative properties of the skin, can improve wound closure
9. Safety and Toxicology
9.1. Public
Sharp dose of 2000 mg / kg of Deir velvet mice antler (doses human equivalent of 320 mg / kg) did not show more than 14 days of observation of toxic signs, and test for 90 days with a daily dose of 1000 mg / kg did not show any blood toxicity symptoms of large signs. A decrease in liver weight in men has been observed, but under the histological examination it seems benign. [38] A study Toxicology Last mice using 10% of the diet such as deer velvet antler during pregnancy and after birth there was any traces teratogenic clear in the offspring of mice which AST in serum (indicate liver damage) was in fact 50% decrease relative to the control without effect on γ-GT (liver enzymes else). [30]
Velvet Horn Velvet century, but also normally obtained deer Moss,
Velvet Horn
Velvet century, but also normally obtained deer Moss, is the base of the antlers crush mammals. This centuries replenished quickly and are usually located, which in turn seems to have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the purposes of public health and preventive.
Repeated studies on the interactions of velvet antler and hormones have been carried out, and I found all the studies failed this supplement to increase the circulation of this hormone levels. One study found an increase in the power output significantly variable, which angered other study suggests that there is no significant increase in power. For the purposes of improving the performance, and the evidence does not currently support velvet antler as a supplement.
There is preliminary evidence from other potential antler velvet benefits, and this could be potentially a role in the sequel / treatment of bone fractures rates, anti-additives, and improve skin renewal rates pending investigation. Three themes show some hope at this time.
Velvet antler appears to be safe but ineffective in claims described the most common.
What You Should Know
Also known as
Deer velvet antler, deer antler, deer velvet antler, breastfeed, if Jiao pan
Not to be confused with
IGF-1 (the supposed founding)
Things to consider
Although the velvet antler may contain some hormones (not confirmed yet), it is likely too low in concentration to matter.
Velvet antler is a supplement derived from centuries crushed or powder, most often from deer (and thus referred to as velvet deer antler), while the deer have also been used. It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine. [1] It is known that the antler base as nurse (referring to the deer), Jiao Lu Pan, Pan, Zhu Chen Hua, even pan and appears to have been used traditionally. For diseases of the cardiovascular, gynecological problems, and immune deficiency, leukemia and promote tissue repair and health [1] a particular part is used antler base. When the horns are cut from the base remain temporarily until the renewal of the new century caribou who pays in some cases occurrs in nature. The traditional method involves the use of the base and soaking in wine or boiled water for consumption by mouth. [1]
This Annex also derives from the "deer", the two most common types of deer in mainland China include Sika deer suckling Nippon Temminck Red Monastery breastfeed elaphus Linnaeus. These types may be relevant. [1] includes "agriculture" deer antler raise deer antlers and published under the soothing, [2] [3] It seems that the annual yeild to be 120-150 tonnes and any deer antlers often killed as they are able to complete renovation. [3]
The traditional use of antler velvet (literally, deer antler, which are harvested and regenerated annually) seems to be in line with the heart and blood vessels and vital health properties, as well as tissue repair and stimulate the immune
1.2. Installation
The active ingredients of the base deer velvet antler include:
Various biologically active in a part of the protein peptides. [4] [5] crude protein fragment appears to be about 32.8% by weight, with rechargeable water-soluble proteins consisting of 8.29% [5] [1]
Sugars (carbohydrates) consisting of 1.682%, sugar, mostly soluble (1.143%) and reducing sugars (0.575%) [5] [1]
Fatty acids 1.91%, and low phosphorous content (0.3%), and free fatty acids (0.067%) [5] [1] oleic acid and vaccenic acid in the first place and palmitic [6]
Alglicsampnoglican, which seems to be the most important to be sulfate [6]
Collagen [6] and hyaluronic acid [7]
Cholesterol diet in 0.224mcg / g [1]
(Report Use) androstenedione (0.6ng / g), testosterone (2.44ng / g), dehydroepiandrosterone (0.64ng / g) and progesterone (2.28ng / g) and estradiol (14pg / g); [8] the remainder of the hormones tend likely to move in the shaft when it is connected or recently retired deer, and high concentrations [9]
Dietary minerals, including calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese and copper. [10] relatively high calcium (7.06 to 7.71%) and phosphorus (5.76 to 7.47%) concentrations as deer antler is bone tissue [11]
Intersestingly, and sedatives administered by deer antlers sawed to reduce or eliminate the pain that may feel may appear on velvet antler (although the quantities that indicate they are not biologically); lidocaine, is used in some cases as an analgesic Lyle active [12] was detected in antler velvet. [13]
Nutritionally, velvet antler has a similar profile to the bone and mineral nutrients. Bioactive speech or metals (which are in very high amounts for other food products) or some proteins, bioactive peptides that can form
It may contain deer antler growth factors, including testosterone, but like royal jelly and other hormones seem very small quantitites have no biomechanical
2. nerves
21. Bah
Blind study of 34 men in good health because of Velvet Horn 1G powder daily for 12 weeks can be exercised any benefit dysfunction (measured by IIEF) did not alter self-reported orgasm and sexual satisfaction. [8] This study also failed to find any significant difference in Bah and assessed by the rating scale BISF-W. [8]
There is currently no evidence to support an increase in Bah, although it was completed just one trial
2.2. Addiction
Study [14] (repeated in MEDLINE [15]) that are used to extract water from the antler velvet 50-200mg / kg did not prevent the pain killing effect of morphine, but reduce the rate at which they become in morphine tolerant during the six days the mice when taken an hour before one of morphine every day. Saw [14] rats received velvet antler before morphine also remove less 26.6 to 36.6% (dose dependent) and reverse tolerance and dopamine receptors supersensitivity is reduced relative to the control of the morphine. [14]
Only one study today, but Velvet antler may be anti-opiate-added vehicles
2.3. Neurogenesis
I noticed in vitro study using a velvet antler protein by incubation polypeptide with neural stem cells were able to bring differnetiation depend between dose 10-50mcg / ml with 5 ug / ml very low concentration to induce differentiation and higher concentrations of 50 micrograms / ml be less effective than 50 ug / ml. [16]
A preliminary study in the laboratory indicate neuronal differentiation of stem cells. The implications of this study are currently unknown
3. Cardiovascular Health
3.1. Speeches
In rats subjected to the process of linking the left coronary artery, people with heart failure were given either antler velvet (deer) or captopril active control for a period of 4 weeks with a third group given water. It was noted [17] No significant changes in the structure of the heart both with Kashima velvet or captopril (with the heart tissue expands after heart failure), while the portion of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and shortening fractions (LVFS) and it seems that the improvement in the two groups Almost at the same level and increased serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) that occurred with debilitating heart failure to the same degree in each of the interventions.
Velvet century, but also normally obtained deer Moss, is the base of the antlers crush mammals. This centuries replenished quickly and are usually located, which in turn seems to have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the purposes of public health and preventive.
Repeated studies on the interactions of velvet antler and hormones have been carried out, and I found all the studies failed this supplement to increase the circulation of this hormone levels. One study found an increase in the power output significantly variable, which angered other study suggests that there is no significant increase in power. For the purposes of improving the performance, and the evidence does not currently support velvet antler as a supplement.
There is preliminary evidence from other potential antler velvet benefits, and this could be potentially a role in the sequel / treatment of bone fractures rates, anti-additives, and improve skin renewal rates pending investigation. Three themes show some hope at this time.
Velvet antler appears to be safe but ineffective in claims described the most common.
What You Should Know
Also known as
Deer velvet antler, deer antler, deer velvet antler, breastfeed, if Jiao pan
Not to be confused with
IGF-1 (the supposed founding)
Things to consider
Although the velvet antler may contain some hormones (not confirmed yet), it is likely too low in concentration to matter.
Velvet antler is a supplement derived from centuries crushed or powder, most often from deer (and thus referred to as velvet deer antler), while the deer have also been used. It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine. [1] It is known that the antler base as nurse (referring to the deer), Jiao Lu Pan, Pan, Zhu Chen Hua, even pan and appears to have been used traditionally. For diseases of the cardiovascular, gynecological problems, and immune deficiency, leukemia and promote tissue repair and health [1] a particular part is used antler base. When the horns are cut from the base remain temporarily until the renewal of the new century caribou who pays in some cases occurrs in nature. The traditional method involves the use of the base and soaking in wine or boiled water for consumption by mouth. [1]
This Annex also derives from the "deer", the two most common types of deer in mainland China include Sika deer suckling Nippon Temminck Red Monastery breastfeed elaphus Linnaeus. These types may be relevant. [1] includes "agriculture" deer antler raise deer antlers and published under the soothing, [2] [3] It seems that the annual yeild to be 120-150 tonnes and any deer antlers often killed as they are able to complete renovation. [3]
The traditional use of antler velvet (literally, deer antler, which are harvested and regenerated annually) seems to be in line with the heart and blood vessels and vital health properties, as well as tissue repair and stimulate the immune
1.2. Installation
The active ingredients of the base deer velvet antler include:
Various biologically active in a part of the protein peptides. [4] [5] crude protein fragment appears to be about 32.8% by weight, with rechargeable water-soluble proteins consisting of 8.29% [5] [1]
Sugars (carbohydrates) consisting of 1.682%, sugar, mostly soluble (1.143%) and reducing sugars (0.575%) [5] [1]
Fatty acids 1.91%, and low phosphorous content (0.3%), and free fatty acids (0.067%) [5] [1] oleic acid and vaccenic acid in the first place and palmitic [6]
Alglicsampnoglican, which seems to be the most important to be sulfate [6]
Collagen [6] and hyaluronic acid [7]
Cholesterol diet in 0.224mcg / g [1]
(Report Use) androstenedione (0.6ng / g), testosterone (2.44ng / g), dehydroepiandrosterone (0.64ng / g) and progesterone (2.28ng / g) and estradiol (14pg / g); [8] the remainder of the hormones tend likely to move in the shaft when it is connected or recently retired deer, and high concentrations [9]
Dietary minerals, including calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese and copper. [10] relatively high calcium (7.06 to 7.71%) and phosphorus (5.76 to 7.47%) concentrations as deer antler is bone tissue [11]
Intersestingly, and sedatives administered by deer antlers sawed to reduce or eliminate the pain that may feel may appear on velvet antler (although the quantities that indicate they are not biologically); lidocaine, is used in some cases as an analgesic Lyle active [12] was detected in antler velvet. [13]
Nutritionally, velvet antler has a similar profile to the bone and mineral nutrients. Bioactive speech or metals (which are in very high amounts for other food products) or some proteins, bioactive peptides that can form
It may contain deer antler growth factors, including testosterone, but like royal jelly and other hormones seem very small quantitites have no biomechanical
2. nerves
21. Bah
Blind study of 34 men in good health because of Velvet Horn 1G powder daily for 12 weeks can be exercised any benefit dysfunction (measured by IIEF) did not alter self-reported orgasm and sexual satisfaction. [8] This study also failed to find any significant difference in Bah and assessed by the rating scale BISF-W. [8]
There is currently no evidence to support an increase in Bah, although it was completed just one trial
2.2. Addiction
Study [14] (repeated in MEDLINE [15]) that are used to extract water from the antler velvet 50-200mg / kg did not prevent the pain killing effect of morphine, but reduce the rate at which they become in morphine tolerant during the six days the mice when taken an hour before one of morphine every day. Saw [14] rats received velvet antler before morphine also remove less 26.6 to 36.6% (dose dependent) and reverse tolerance and dopamine receptors supersensitivity is reduced relative to the control of the morphine. [14]
Only one study today, but Velvet antler may be anti-opiate-added vehicles
2.3. Neurogenesis
I noticed in vitro study using a velvet antler protein by incubation polypeptide with neural stem cells were able to bring differnetiation depend between dose 10-50mcg / ml with 5 ug / ml very low concentration to induce differentiation and higher concentrations of 50 micrograms / ml be less effective than 50 ug / ml. [16]
A preliminary study in the laboratory indicate neuronal differentiation of stem cells. The implications of this study are currently unknown
3. Cardiovascular Health
3.1. Speeches
In rats subjected to the process of linking the left coronary artery, people with heart failure were given either antler velvet (deer) or captopril active control for a period of 4 weeks with a third group given water. It was noted [17] No significant changes in the structure of the heart both with Kashima velvet or captopril (with the heart tissue expands after heart failure), while the portion of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and shortening fractions (LVFS) and it seems that the improvement in the two groups Almost at the same level and increased serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) that occurred with debilitating heart failure to the same degree in each of the interventions.
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